Sigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology - 1939 Words

Emotions, they are all inside the vas notion on how we develop into this world. It makes us who we are, the specific relationships in which we have with others and connect on aa different level. Where do these emotions come in from? More specifically how does one cope in the preteens when things begin to chance. Each emotion is made as moments happen in one’s life. Just as in a movie Inside Out, the brains development defines the person’s life. So many emotions are made but there are specific core emotions that are inside of us. These emotions such as: Joy, Sadness, Fear, Disgust, and Anger. These ideas come from stages in which we need to hit as we grow in order to develop properly. There were two main developments in psychology that support the where our development into each stage come from. For starters there’s Sigmund Freud, a main contributor to psychology (neurologist), that believed there is a specific order in the stages of development. His stages are called Psychosexual Stages of Development. The Five stages include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, and Genital. (As seen in Figure 1) These developments are more on the physical side to growing into puberty and so on. Freuds ideas are the first of a long line of developers to come (Bee, Helen). Next Erik Erickson (American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst) idea develops 8 stages branching from Freuds ideas (as shown in figure 2). These stages are known as Psychosocial Stages. The 8 stages are: Trust vs.Show MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1222 Words   |  5 Pagesof Europe, an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis named Sigmund Freud constructed an original approach to the understanding of human psychology. Prior to the founding of psychoanalysis, mental illness was thought to come from some kind of deterioration or disease rooted in the brain. The certitude that physical diseases of the brain induced mental illness signified that psychological origins were disregarded. Freud insisted on studying the topic hoping to change the way society thoughtRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1283 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud (1856-1939), is a pioneer in the field of psychology in various ways. His dedication to his field helped shape the minds of many nineteen-century contemporary schools of thought. Most notably, Freud’s work in psychoanalytic theory, according to Tan (2011) earned him the title of, â€Å"father of psychoanalysis† (p. 322). Moreover, Tan Taykeyesu (2011) report that Freud’s genius is not just in psychoanalysis, but also when we â€Å"think Oedipus complex, infantile sexuality, and repression†Read MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology942 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Freud continues to be the subject of conversation in the field of psychology. The conversations seem to lead to Freud versus another imperative person in the field, such as B.F. Skinner. According to Overskeid (2007) most research articles focus on the difference between the two. Here the author takes a different approach, looks at similarities within the psychanalysis dynamics. The two agreed upon human predicament that people are controlled by forces which they are not conscious (OverskeidRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1299 Words   |  6 Pagesand touch known as the â€Å"mesmeric pass† (Kirsch et.al., 1995). Psychoanalysis was introduced by Sigmund Freud. Freud conceptualized the mind, metaphorically, as an ancient, buried ruin which had to been unearthed much like an archeologist would unearth the treasures of an ancient civilization. Freud s influence can be traced from his hard core natural science background as a student of neurology. Freud s version of psychoanalysis had its predecessor in the work with hysterics conducted by neurologistsRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1233 Words   |  5 Pages Sigmund Freud is the idealist that concepted the idea of verbal psychotherapy, Freudian Psychology. His theories of psychoanalysis are based upon understand the unconscious mind. His ideals portray that there are three key components that are responsible for a human beings personality. These components include id, ego and superego. Freud s major contributions to todays society and study of psychology are his theories on the unconscious mind, dreams, libido, infantile sexuality, repression and transferenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesPsychoanalysis is an approach to psychology that was made well known as a way to bring for the unconscious to the conscious. It is theorized that the memories that we store in our unconscious affects us, and can cause neurotic behaviors. The approaches also include Analytical, Individual. Three people that worked on these theories are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler. Each of these men approached psychoanalysis in both similar and individual ways, and have their own theories that will be furtherRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology And Psychology1073 Words   |  5 PagesLuwanna Perry Theories Counseling 06/27/2014 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is considered to be the most important figures in the field of psychiatry and psychology. His ideas about psychoanalysis were developed in the 1800’s but are still being used today in the mental health field (www.studymode.com). Sigmund Freud was one of the pioneers/innovator of modern-day psychology. â€Å"As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as anRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1568 Words   |  7 Pages Freud Sigmund Yifan Wang Current issues in history Vanier College 2014-11-11 Freud Sigmund In the 19th century, people progressed toward a new era of scientific revolution with new inventions and technologies. Doctors find treatment to heal cancer and people lives longer than before. On the other hand, Freud Sigmund the Jewish psychiatrist offered a new cure to mental illness that individual suffers from (The European Graduate School, 2012). Although he may have the most of influenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesAt the start psychology was not a science; it was ‘made up’. In pre-historic age it was believed any behaviour that swayed from ‘the norm’ was due to demonic spirits possessing the brain. Advances in treatments and medicine, allow us to recognise how barbarous this belief was. The progress of these advances was clear by the opening of the first experimental laboratory in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt. Wundt’s establishment of psychology as an academic discipline exaggerated how obsolete the pr evious wayRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesSigmund Freud, originally a neurologist, is a well-known psychologist that developed the field of psychoanalytic psychology. Although he died in 1939 his theories and practices live on and many psychologists will still consult Freud’s ideas when faced with specific cases. Freud was a firm believer in the notion that sex and aggression is the root of motivation for all human behavior and many people agree with him, but one of his former collogues, Alfred Adler, would come to disagree with this idea

The Strawberry Fields By Eric Schlosser - 1306 Words

Bethany Beaudoin Professor Byrne English 1510 9/24/17 Farmers and Their Fields Strawberries are treasured by numerous throughout the world, but feelings may transformation after the unveiling of some dark secrets of strawberry farms. â€Å"In the Strawberry Fields† by Eric Schlosser brings up many concerning realities about what life is truly like for strawberry pickers. Many of these farm workers are illegal migrants from Mexico. Because of their illegal status, they are far less probable to go to the authorities with complaints of unfair treatment. Many strawberry field owners are more than willing to take advantage of this. Strawberry pickers are often overworked, poorly paid, and not treated fairly. Most are Mexicans searching for work so†¦show more content†¦These Mexican workers will work strenuously in hopes of earning more money, yet despite the extra hours of labor, their income hardly increases. This unfair treatment is far too common for workers such as these. On average, a strawberry picker works 12 hours a day. Not only is this cons idered working overtime, it is also extremely strenuous on one s body. Bending down low to pick the faultless strawberries is challenging for anyone, and hours of this can be tremendously painful. When forced to work like that several days a week for months at a time, permanent spinal impairment is common. Overworked, underpaid, and all around mistreated, these field workers deserve better treatment. Improved living environments could possibly come about merely by reasonable salaries. If everyone got paid the accurate amount for the work accomplished, money would not be such a struggle. It may not pay well, but minimum wage would be sufficient to at least help workers find places to live. The demanding hours and low pay makes life far more challenging than it ought to be. â€Å"Paying less than minimum wage brings the greatest savings of all† (Schlosser). While paying less than minimum wage saves the farm owners money, it turns these poor migrants work into something that is nearly slave labor. Often, Spanish speaking workers will sign an English contract, even though they comprehend nothing about it. While this may benefit the owners, it is cruel and unfairShow MoreRelatedIn The Strawberry Fields Eric Schlosser1289 Words   |  6 Pageskids. Eric Schlosser in his article In the Strawberry Fields honestly assessed the conditions of the migratory work force in California straw berry fields while providing facts and evidences to support his observations. In his article the author mainly focused on three aspects of immigrants problems. The first one is lack of legal status and depressed living conditions. The second is wages and the third is hazardous health conditions that the workers face while working. Eric Schlosser in hisRead MoreIn The Strawberry Fields By Eric Schlosser2000 Words   |  8 Pagesillegally, by travelling on foot for several days, crossing deserts, mountains and the southern border of USA, to get a decent and secured better lif e for them and for their kids. Eric Schlosser in his article In the Strawberry Fields honestly assessed the conditions of the migratory work force in California straw berry fields while providing facts and evidences to support his observations. In his article the author mainly focused on Living and working conditions, wages and hazardous health conditionsRead MoreAnalysis Of Eric Schlosser s The Strawberry Fields 1615 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican dream. However, the way, does not always possess the same innocent light of the optimistic saying. In Eric Schlosser’s article, â€Å"In the Strawberry Fields† he discusses exactly that. Immigrants often end up doing the laborious farm work most Americans are unwilling to do with good reason. More specifically, he discusses the working conditions of migrant workers in strawberry fields, one of the most difficult row crops to grow. This work is largely done in California where the farming industryRead MoreMcdonald s Fries : The Holy Grail Of French Fries1032 Words   |  5 PagesSome people would argue that McDonald’s fries are the Holy Grail of French fries. Ray Croc, one of the founders of McDonald’s wrote in his autobiography that the French fry was â€Å"almost sacrosanct for me† (Schlosser 50). What was it that made their fries the leader in fast food? In the early years, it was the way they were fried that gave them this intriguing flavor. As time progressed, in the mid 60’s, they began to use frozen fries to cut cost, and people noticed. In the 90’s, consumers beganRead MoreThe Plight Of The Immigrant Farmer Worker Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 1510 November 20, 2016 The Plight of the Immigrant Farm Worker Have you ever wondered how really bad it is to be an immigrant farm worker? The article â€Å"In the Strawberry Fields† by Eric Scholsser, he looks at the hardships that face immigrant farmers. Though there are laws to try and help the immigrants Schlosser observed â€Å"The temptation to break the law can be great. The punishments for doing so are rarely applied† (86). From sharecropping and low wages to deplorable living conditionsRead MoreEssay Reefer Madness Summary1366 Words   |  6 PagesReefer Madness Eric Schlosser To start off, the main driven idea of this book is the black market, or what they refer to as the underground and â€Å"shadow economy†. The underground has its choices and consequences as well as any other type of economic system do. But, in this case the underground can be a country’s main economy for survival such as, â€Å"In Bolivia the underground economy is responsible for an estimated 65 percent of GDP. In Nigeria it accounts for perhaps 76 percent.† (7) This type ofRead MoreThe 9 / 11 Attack Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagestheir situation. One can find mostly Mexican immigrants working in crop fields picking all sorts of fruits and vegetables, considering that the hardest job is as a strawberry picker, and it all being unjust in the way that they treat and pay them. Eric Schlosser in his book â€Å"Reefer Madness† includes the condition on how an immigrant man by the name of Felipe was working and the way that he felt about the job as a strawberr y picker. â€Å"They use us all year as slaves,’ he said. ‘They pay us whateverRead MoreFast Food Industry By Eric Schlosser3535 Words   |  15 PagesEstrella Introduction 1. Eric Schlosser chose the topic of fast food industry because he became quite inspired after reading an article about illegal immigrants in a strawberry field and how they a suffered in the process. The article was based on an investigation that was placed on the fields while they worked. It was also based on the immense impact that this industry had on society. Schlosser wanted to as said in his book â€Å"shed light† to the world on how successful hard working industry worksRead MoreIs Fast Food Blame For Obesity?1822 Words   |  8 Pagesthere are about 30,000 McDonald restaurants and every year the company opens up roughly 2,000 new ones. They set the standard for the rest of the industries. Its widely imitated practices not only by fast food industries but also by companies in other fields. McDonald’s is a colossus, its America’s largest purchaser of beef, pork and potatoes, and 2nd largest purchaser of chicken. One of the largest owners of retail propert y in the world. Most of its money is earned not only by selling hamburgers, but

Business Communication Persistence and Preparation

Question: Discuss about the Business Communicationfor Persistence and Preparation. Answer: Communication is a skill that incorporates lessons learned across wide range of knowledge. According to Locker and Kaczmarek (2013), effective communication takes several practice, persistence and preparation. There are many methods to learn the communication skills, however, in the business environment; a learned lesson might come at the cost of the credibility of an individual. Communication is the primary key to the success of any individual in the business environment. The ability to communicate successfully comes from experience and learning effective lessons from them. In both the oral and written situation, an individual will always be benefitted from having the clear communication (Varner and Varner 2014). The growth of an organization entirely depends on the effective communication done by the executives of the company. Discussing the two scenarios below, we can understand how proper communication process can be successful in terms of increasing skills and understanding them efficiently. The first scenario is an information session on wills and estate planning to a group of Aboriginal people. The Aboriginal people have inhabited for over 500000 years in Australia. According to Dudgeon, Milroy and Walker (2014), the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people have always faced the depressing effects of racial and economical disadvantages including the dislocation and separation of their families. Still In the dominant western society, Aboriginal people continue to be the marginalized and deprived minority group, compared to other Australians. In communicating with the native people, one should always keep the cultural belief, world views and values in mind, as their views are entirely different from other Australian people. The primary argument that was used by the Australian government for the dislocation of Aboriginal people from their lands was established and accepted by White Australia because from the time of invasion of the Britishers in Australia, they have c onsidered it to unoccupied. British people have always denied the existence of Aboriginal people and represented it to be an unoccupied land namely terra nullis. It is being quite evident that the Aboriginal people have suffered in the past and had to overcome several hurdles to achieve things for their community. However, the problem of land ownership has always been a significant issue and cross cultural communication has been complicated. The required development of the lands made the government to displace many Aboriginal people inhabiting in terra nullius where the developmental projects were launched. It has been well accepted in the other sections of the society, but the fact that Indigenous people are not easily accepted in the other sections of the society is not unfamiliar. In the past years many Aboriginal people were forcefully removed from their land and they tried their best struggling violently to save their assets. These struggles are almost faced by every native gro up while they claim for land, the expensive court cases and required time make a great deal and difficult to attain. In conversation with the Aboriginal people, the model of Hofstade regarding cross cultural communication can be applicable. In this model, Hofstade has categorized the intercultural communication in five dimensions, from which the power distance and individualism vs. collectivism can be applied here (Subramanian 2013). If any outsider wants to have an effective communication with the Indigenous people, the power distance becomes a great barrier considering the trouble and difficulties they faced with their lands. The communication system should proceed in such way that these barriers do not make any difference in the business procedure. In the second scenario, a communication program needs to be framed where the company announces the reduction of their staff when the company also announced record profitability. In this type of communication process, the communication plan is created with the involvement of the stakeholders in the company. Since the critical aim of the communication plan is to announce a reduction in employee numbers after gaining a large number of profits, the approach needs to be strategic and tactical. Subramanian (2013) states that, the goal of the communication needs to the required reposition of the organization among its stakeholders as an integrated provider of asset and management service, also creating the company to be a paradigm of focused culture. According to Shwom and Snyder (2015), the communication strategy needs to signal the changes throughout the company through adopting new identity and name after the huge incorporation of the business, so the created drive would benefit the new rather than the old organizational structure. As the long term survival of the company is the best concern of the authority, the reduction of employees is to be announced and it is quite expected to have an exceedingly high amount of aggression after the announcement is made. The employees, who are losing their jobs, will not be able to understand why it is being done after gaining a huge profit. In this case the management needs to follow the strategy to layoff only the specific employees who were underperforming or unable to meet the desired level of performance to avoid any kind of cross questioning and unnecessary tension in the organizational structure. According to Ainsworth (2013), if the company deducts employees with good performance r ate, it would be harmful in the future for the company and it might create conflict situation. The best way to convey these messages to the desired employees would be through letters and the communication should happen in a polite and considerate manner, as the staffs are expected to react in unpredicted ways. The company should always provide an employee rating after announcing the profits, because the employees should get the exact evaluation before getting their termination letter. According to Subramanian (2013), if the model of Hofstade is considered, power distance can be very much effectual in this type of communication. If the index is of higher degree in the organization, the hierarchy is established clearly, then the employers will not have much cross questioning, however low degree of the power index will invite several cross questioning and employee unrest. By definition, communication is a process where the information is exchanged for the purpose, to achieve a shared understanding. Even in a business environment, both the parties should remember that a shared meaning should be triggered with the communication process that is collective and mutual in its approach. Whether it is inside the organization or outside the organization, it is performed for the commercial profit of the company. An effective two way information sharing procedure should involve a common sharing of knowledge and in cross cultural communication the benefit of the company should always be remembered. Reference List Ainsworth, J., 2013. Business languages for intercultural and international business communication: A Canadian case study.Business Communication Quarterly, p.1080569912471186. Dudgeon, P., Milroy, H. and Walker, R., 2014. Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice. Locker, K. and Kaczmarek, S., 2013.Business communication: Building critical skills. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Shwom, B.G. and Snyder, L.G., 2015.Business communication: Polishing your professional presence. Pearson. Subramanian, K. ed., 2013.Excellence in business communication. Pearson. Varner, I.I. and Varner, K., 2014. The Relationship Between Culture and Legal Systems and the Impact on Intercultural Business Communication. InGlobal Advances in Business and Communication Conference Journal(Vol. 3, No. 1, p. 3).

Paradise Lost Essays - Christian Poetry, Epic Poets, Epic Poetry

Paradise Lost Paradise Lost Milton writes Paradise Lost in the tradition of a classic epic poem. All epic poems contain some common features. Milton follows this outline with great precision and style. His poem uses the guidelines of an epic poem and elaborates upon them to make his poem one of the most popular epics written. In his poem, Milton uses the key points of an epic poem when he traditionally invokes a muse to speak through him, includes great deeds of valor, long speeches, and a list of the protagonists Milton follows the tradition of epic poetry when he asks a muse to speak through him. It is clear that for Milton it is the poet's submission to the voice of his muse, to divine inspiration, which ultimately distinguishes the soaring creation of Paradise Lost from an insulting speculation of what happens in the Garden of Eden. Milton does not, however, present the hymn of a heavenly muse as his only defense against presuming too much. Through the book, he remains sensitive to the relationship between himself as poet and his center of attention. While he insists on the honest intentions of what he undertakes, he never neglects to expose the satanic aspect of his poetic posture. In this way Milton differs a slightly from a traditional epic. Instead of speaking through Milton, the muse is more of a second person that inspires Milton. Never the less, Paradise Lost still follows the outline of a customary epic poem. Another part of a traditional epic poem is that the hero must perform great deeds of valor to defeat the villain. Milton wants his readers to be forced to face the problem of Satan seeming invincible. Satan is, after all, an angel. He is a mighty angel that is removed from Heaven. In order for us to see the power of God, it is necessary that Satan also be powerful. It is important that Satan, a parody of God, is viewed as an eloquent, bold being; one that possesses superhuman strength, extraordinary martial prowess, and fortitude so that he can be a foil to show how great God is. In order for God to vanquish and control this awesome being, his characteristics must exceed the characteristics of Satan. Therefore, it emphasizes the great valor God possesses to successfully defeat Satan in their battle. One of the last characteristics that this poem demonstrates that are typical of an epic poem is the long list of the protagonists that the plot involves accompanied by long speeches by the main characters. Milton dedicates a large portion of the first book of the series to a catalogue of the fallen angels. The numbers of angels that are listed are used to give the reader the notion of being overwhelmed by the mass number of villains. He also provides extended formal speeches by the main characters. It is on the basis of the eloquence and power of those speeches that much of the personality of the characters is shown. This listing of villains and long, profound speeches verifies that this poem fits every description of an epic poem. When Milton writes Paradise Lost he uses a general outline that will categorize his poem as an epic poem. He elaborates on the general characteristics of an epic poem including the relationship between the muse and him. They are shown as two separate people with the muse as the higher being. Obviously, in spite of some adjustments and alterations, Milton undeniably uses classical epic traits. Milton builds his epic out of views of the past and uses every feature of epic poetry that can possibly be used.

The eNotes Blog RELAX. The World Ended in 634BCE

RELAX. The World Ended in 634BCE If you are stressing because there is not a single bed-and-breakfast in  Bugarach, France (purportedly the only place in the world safe from the predicted Mayan apocalypse of 2012), relax.   For a variety of reasons, the world is NOT going to end tomorrow. December 21, 2012, has been ballyhooed for years as the date the world will end. Fin. Finito. Thats all folks. And Im not paying that cable bill either. Except that it wont be. The list of Yep-thats-it. The-world-has-become-as-evil-as-it-possibly-can-be-and-____________(your god here)-has-HAD-ENOUGH is a loooooooooooooooooooong one, folks. Better get crackin on buying that gift for your aunt, because no one is gonna give you an eternal excuse.   Here is a brief list of the various We Are DOOMED! scenarios, all come and gone: 634 BCE and Some Pissed-Off Eagles Many Romans feared that the city would be destroyed in the 120th year of its founding. There was a myth that 12 eagles had revealed to  Romulus  a mystical number representing the lifetime of Rome, and some early Romans hypothesized that each eagle represented 10 years. 1st Century, Early Christians Some first-century Christians expected Jesus  to return within one generation of his death. According to some scholars,  Paul the Apostle was one of these. 375-400 CE,  Martin of Tours Stated that the world would end before 400. Writing There is no doubt that the Antichrist has already been born. Firmly established already in his early years, he will, after reaching maturity, achieve supreme power. 500 CE,  Hippolytus of Rome,Sextus Julius Africanus,Irenaeus All three predicted Jesus would return in the year 500. January 1, 1000:  Pope Sylvester II The  Millenium Apocalypse. Various Christians predicted the end of the world on this date, including  Pope Sylvester II. Riots in Europe. Panicky Europeans, 1346-51 The  black plague  spreading across Europe was interpreted by many as the sign of the end of times. 1656,  Various Christians   Theres always been a lot of monkeying around with numbers, with sects swearing that they have figured out the secret formula (yeahriiiight. we still dont know what, precisely, the secret spices are in KFC). Anyhoo. [s]ome Christians believed the world would end this year, as 1656 was the number of years between Creation and the Great Flood in the Bible. 1697,  Cotton Mather Well-known for his love of a good prank (kidding), [t]his Puritan minister predicted the world would end this year. After the prediction failed, he revised the date of the End two more times. (Okay.. this is getting tedious. There are literally dozens more but in the interest of time, and of course, our imminent demise, lets fast forward to the twentieth century). Feb. 4, 1962: Psychic Jeane Dixon Predicted a planetary alignment on this day was to bring destruction to the world. 1975, Jehovahs Witnesses In 1966, Jehovahs Witnesses estimated it had been 6000 years since mans creation; therefore, in the fall of 1975   it would be appropriate for Christs thousand-year reign to begin. These claims were repeated throughout the late 1960. In 1974, they reaffirmed their belief that there was just a short time remaining before the wicked worlds end. Oct/Nov 1982:   Pat Robertson, Evangelical Pastor In late 1976, Robertson predicted that the end of the world was coming in October or November 1982. (Well, that  was  the year of my first date, an event many wouldve predicted would bring the world to an end so perhaps a little leeway for ol Pat). April 29, 1987:   Leland Jensen, Halleys Comet Jensen predicted that Halleys Comet would be pulled into Earths orbit on April 29, 1988, causing widespread destruction. July, 1999: Nostradamus   A prediction attributed to Nostradamus stating the King of Terror would come from the sky in 1999 and seven months led to fears of the end. Annnnnnnnnnnd Presenting Despite All Historical Evidence and Obvious Fallacies to the Contrary! THE MAYANS! The so-called  Mayan apocalypse  at the start of the  14th baktun. The Earth is destroyed by an  asteroid,  Nibiru, or some other interplanetary object; an  alien invasion; or a  supernova. Good night, all. Unless I am destroyed by aliens or burned to a crisp by a supernova, Ill see you next week with some elegant toasts for the New Year, in which, surely, there will be predictions that all of us will become toast.

James Wright and the Invention of Silly Putty

James Wright and the Invention of Silly Putty The plastic putty known as Silly Putty ®Ã‚  has been entertaining youngsters and providing them with innovative playtime since the 1940s. Its had an interesting history since then.   The Origins of Silly Putty ® James Wright, an engineer, discovered Silly Putty ®.  Just as with many awesome inventions, the discovery happened by accident.   Wright was working for the U.S. War Production Board at the time. He was charged with finding a substitute for synthetic rubber that wouldn’t cost the government an arm and a leg to produce. He mixed silicone oil with boric acid and found that the compound acted very much like rubber. It could rebound almost 25 percent higher than a normal rubber ball, and it was impervious to rot. Soft and malleable, it could stretch to many times its original length without tearing. Another of Silly Putty’s ® unique qualities was its ability to copy the image of any printed material it was pressed upon. Wright initially  called his discovery  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nutty Putty.†Ã‚  The material was sold under the trade name Silly Putty ® in 1949 and it sold faster than any other toy in history, registering over $6 million in sales in the first year.   The Government Wasn’t Impressed Wright’s amazing Silly Putty ® never found a home with the U.S. government as a substitute for synthetic rubber. The government said it wasn’t a superior product. Tell that to millions of kids pressing globs of the stuff onto comic  pages,  lifting images of their favorite action heroes. Marketing consultant  Peter Hodgson didn’t agree with the government, either. Hodgson bought the production rights to Wrights bouncing putty and  is credited with changing the name of Nutty Putty to Silly Putty ®, introducing it to the  public at Easter, selling it inside plastic eggs. Silly Putty’s ® Practical Uses Silly Putty ® wasn’t initially marketed as a toy. In fact, it pretty much bombed at the 1950 International Toy Fair. Hodgson first intended  Silly Putty ® for an adult audience, billing it for its practical purposes.  But despite  its ignoble beginnings, Neiman-Marcus and Doubleday decided to go ahead and sell Silly Putty ® as a toy and it began to take off. When the  New Yorker  mentioned the stuff, sales bloomed – more than a quarter million orders were received within three days. Hodgson then reached his adult audience almost by accident. Parents soon discovered that not only could Silly Putty ® lift perfect images off comic pages, but it was pretty handy for pulling lint off of  fabric as well. It went to space with the Apollo 8 crew in 1968, where it proved effective at keeping objects in place in zero gravity. Binney Smith, Inc., creator of Crayola,  purchased Silly Putty ® after Hodgson’s death. The company claims that more than 300 million Silly Putty ® eggs have sold since 1950. The Composition of Silly Putty Although you probably don’t want to go to the trouble of whipping up a batch at home when you can simply buy some, the basic ingredients of  Silly Putty ®Ã‚  include: Dimethyl Siloxane: 65 percentSilica: 17 percentThixotrol ST: 9 percentPolydimethylsiloxane: 4 percentDecamethylcyclopentasiloxane: 1 percent  Glycerine: 1 percentTitanium Dioxide: 1 percent It’s a safe guess that Binney Smith aren’t divulging all their proprietary secrets, including the introduction of a wide array of  Silly Putty ®Ã‚  colors, some that even glow in the dark.

WHAT IS WESTERN CIVILIZATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WHAT IS WESTERN CIVILIZATION - Essay Example The development of societies therefore is major component that emphasizes the changes and corroborates with the wider imperatives associated with Western civilization. The emergence of Western civilization is often linked to Greece and Roman civilization of Europe where resurgence of art and culture and increased trade activities became the fundamental of advancing society. The consolidation of political power through trade and commerce was the highlight of the era that witnessed dramatic changes in political, social and cultural environment of Europe. The changes were mainly due to advancing knowledge in the area of science and technology and greater awareness of art and culture. Major discoveries and invention in the area of science and technology can be contributed to this period. Great artists and scholars like Michelangelo, Leonard da Vinci, Copernicus, Galileo, Botticeli etc were few of the prominent artists and scholars who had made significant impact on world and are still acknowledged for their work. Western civilization is also referred to European countries and the new world which owed its origin to the European colonization. The New World or the contemporary America is intrinsic part of Western civilization. The tremendous advancement of American society in all areas vis-Ã  -vis socio-cultural and political environment has been vital element that has contributed to its rapid growth into Western civilization. Indeed, the judicious use of knowledge and its development into most powerful democratic state of the world has been recognized by everyone. The science and technology was used for social advancement with envious competencies and socio-cultural and political tenets were interpreted through accrued knowledge rather than through religious guidelines. These were key components of emerging new models of Western civilization. Western civilization is integral to the advancing knowledge that is exploited for socio-economic and political

Review Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Review Paper - Essay Example Based on image representation, the P’Zolo should have been comparable to a submarine sandwich, with a pizza innovation. Upon arrival, the P’Zolo was considerably different than what was advertised. It arrived in a cardboard box, which was saturated with grease to the degree that the drainage was visible on the bottom of the delivery box. Over-cooked until it was dark brown and maintaining several thick slits on the top, which was not advertised in promotional photographs, the product allowed for seepage of interior contents during the consumption process. Having been an aficionado of Pizza Hut for nearly a decade, with a preference for the company’s quality ingredients in its many pizza products, the reviewer was flabbergasted by what arrived in delivery. Upon close examination, the product was approximately between five and six inches long, in a rather misshapen, oblong pizza wrap that looked as though it had been assembled by a half-blind six year old in elementary art class. The P’Zolo maintains zero ability to meet the emotional satisfaction needs of the consumer with its gro ss promotional misrepresentation and should be immediately removed from the Pizza Hut menu for its bland and unfulfilling contents. After taking the first bite of the product, it became perfectly clear that the volume of stuffing inside the product failed to meet promotional expectations. Despite its larger-than-average size compared to competing frozen pizza wraps, the P’Zolo was outperformed by many low-cost competition commonly found in the local grocery store. In the first bite, the runny cheese began pouring down the reviewer’s arm, requiring a significant volume of clean-up during the consumption process. Production problems during the cooking process had caused the water content in the sauce to separate from the corn syrup, providing a complicated and disappointing eating experience. The entire product was consumed in five large mouthfuls, in a mad rush to

Labor Relations Essay Example for Free

Labor Relations Essay In reviewing information pertaining to labor unions, there is a plethora of information about unions in the transportation industry. One of the most widely known unions is the teamster unions, which deals with truckers. Labor unions and issues with automotive industry are often seen in the media. The newest transportation industry in American history is the airline industry. As the newest transportation industry that is still vital to American comfort, convenience, and commercial, the airline industry is ripe for workers to organize and demand a greater piece of the profits from operations. In this essay, an effort will be made to review this company in regards to labor relations. Company’s stance toward Labor Delta Airlines was founded by C. E. Woolman, an agriculture extension agent (Anthony, Kacmar, Perrewe, 2010). C. E Woolman was not a banker, venture capitalist or war pilot, as many of the competing airlines were. He didn’t have the aggressive military style that many of the other airline founders had. What C. E. Woolman instilled within the employees at all levels of the organization is that people matter and should be treated fairly and equitably. This philosophy led Delta Airlines to be the leader in customer service from the company’s inception through the many mergers over the years. Through the difficult financial times when other airlines were laying off employees and filing for bankruptcy, Delta continued to pay their people well and keep them employed. There was an exception during the Ronald Allen CEO era of 1987 thru 1997. Human relations took a significant down turn during his tenure as CEO, especially during 1993 and 1994, but Delta decided to part ways with Allen and began repairing those fragile relationships with its employees. Delta Airlines still focuses on the human relations factor and has been able to repair the relationship with its employees; they believe it is their key to success. Despite the corporate culture to take care of its employees, a number of Delta employee departments are unionizing. They feel as though that piece is not being distributed justly. Formulate a strategy for negotiating a labor agreement Human behavior dictates that there will be problems. As a company starts making money, there is always a desire by the employees to acquire more of the profit. On the other hand, management has a desire to retain as much of the profit to be provided to investors and to receive bonuses for their â€Å"supposedly† wise business practices. When one group wants more and another wants to retain, there will be conflict. And this is precisely what is happening at Delta Airline, as well as among many industries in the transportation arena. Employees, seeking to gain an upper hand threaten to strike; however, management must be willing to address the matter through negotiation. The Negotiation Process Fisher and Ury recommend conducting negotiations according to the process of principled negotiation. Their method has four main tenets: 1. Separate the people from the problem. The idea should be for both sides to work together to attack a problem, rather than attacking each other. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to overcome emotional responses and set aside egos. 2. Focus on interests rather than positions. The natural tendency in many negotiations—for example, dickering over the price to be paid for an antique—is for both sides to state a position and then move toward middle ground. Fisher and Ury warn against confusing peoples stated positions with their underlying interests, and claim that positions often tend to obscure what people truly hope to gain through negotiation. 3. Generate a variety of options before deciding what to do. The pressure involved in any type of negotiation tends to narrow peoples vision and inhibit their creativity, making it difficult to find optimal solutions to problems. Instead, Fisher and Ury suggest developing a wide range of possible solutions as part of the negotiating process. These possible solutions should attempt to advance shared interests and reconcile differences. 4. Base the result on objective criteria. No one will be happy with the result of a negotiation if they feel that they have been taken advantage of. The solution is to find and apply some fair standard to the problem in order to guarantee a mutually beneficial result. Fisher and Urys principles provide a good overall guide for the actual negotiation process. In his book, Nierenberg offered a number of other tips and strategies that may be effective in promoting successful negotiations. For example, it may be helpful to ask questions in order to form a better understanding of the needs and interests of the other side. The questions must be phrased diplomatically and timed correctly in order to avoid an antagonistic response. The idea is to gain information and uncover basic assumptions without immediately taking positions. Nierenberg stressed the importance of listening carefully to the other sides responses, as well as studying their facial expressions and body language, in order to gain quality information. Nierenberg noted that good negotiators will employ a variety of means to accomplish their objectives. Small business owners should be aware of some of the more common strategies and techniques that they may see others apply or may wish to apply themselves. One common strategy is forbearance, or patience pays, which covers any sort of wait or delay in negotiations. If one side wishes to confer in private, or adjourn briefly, they are employing a strategy of forbearance. Another common strategy is to present a fait accompli, or come to a final offer and leave it up to the other side to decide whether to accept it. In a simple example, a small business owner may scratch out one provision in a contract that he or she finds unacceptable, then sign it and send it back. The other party to the contract then must decide whether to accept the revised agreement. Nierenberg warns that this strategy can be risky, and encourages those who employ it to carefully appraise the consequences first. Another possible negotiating strategy is reversal, which involves taking a position that seems opposed to the original one. Similarly, feinting involves apparently moving in one direction in order to ivert attention from the true goal. For example, a negotiator may give in on a point that is not very important in order to make the real objective more attainable. Another strategy involves setting limits on the negotiation, whether with regards to time, the people involved, or other factors. It is also possible to change the participation in the negotiation if it seems to be at an impasse. For example, a neutral third party may be enlisted to help, or one or two people from each side may be sent off to continue the negotiation separately. It may also be helpful to break down the problem into small pieces and tackle them one by one. Another strategy might be to trade sides for a short time and try to view the situation from each others perspective. All of these techniques may be applied either to gain advantage or to push forward a negotiation that has apparently reached an impasse. Analyze the principle economic and administrative issues The airline industry is a fast growing sector demonstrating a very strong growth rate. It is associated with a number of social and economic benefits and is a growing contributor to the global inventory (Whitelegg, 2000). Business cycles have a wide reaching impact on the airline industry; during recession, air travel was considered a luxury and therefore spending is cut which leads to reduced prices. The industry creates its impact not just by providing direct employment, but also through the creation of opportunities throughout the travel and hospitality sector of the economy. Jobs in hotels, resorts, restaurants and car rental agencies are all impacted by the airline industry (Global Airline Industry Program, 2011). The airline industry itself is a major economic force, both in terms of its own operations and its impacts on related industries such as aircraft manufacturing and tourism. There are few industries that create the amount and intensity of attention that airlines receive, not only among its participants but from government policy makers and the media as well. The crucial issues on the table vary depending on whether the person is in management or is a worker. For management, the key to retain as much money as possible, while for the workers the goal is to obtain more of the profit. Thus, in management, the argument would be made to show how much money is used to provide employee insurances and benefits, reinvest in equipment and aircraft, general property and liability. On top of that, investors must be repaid. For the employee or worker, this is a stressful environment where the employee needs to be compensated for his work-related stress. Employee paid benefits continues to decrease, and the employee is forced to pay a disproportionate share. Thus, the employee needs more money just to live at a sustainable level. Recommend policies and procedures to administer a labor contract and resolve disputes. It is of utmost importance to resolve conflict expeditiously and justly for all parties involved. Thus, I would recommend the following policies as a means to resolve disputes: When a team oversteps the mark of healthy difference of opinion, resolving conflict requires respect and patience. The human experience of conflict involves our emotions, perceptions, and actions; we experience it on all three levels, and we need to address all three levels to resolve it. We must replace the negative experiences with positive ones. Acknowledge the conflict – The conflict has to be acknowledged before it can be managed and resolved. The tendency is for people to ignore the first signs of conflict, perhaps as it seems trivial, or is difficult to differentiate from the normal, healthy debate that teams can thrive on. If you are concerned about the conflict in your team, discuss it with other members. Once the team recognizes the issue, it can start the process of resolution. †¢ Discuss the impact – As a team, discuss the impact the conflict is having on team dynamics and performance. Agree to a cooperative process – Everyone involved must agree to cooperate in to resolve the conflict. This means putting the team first, and may involve setting aside your opinion or ideas for the time being. If someone wants to win more than he or she wants to resolve the conflict, you may find yourself at a stalemate. †¢ Agree to communicate – The most important thing throughout the resolution process is for everyone to keep communications open. The people involved need to talk about the issue and discuss their strong feelings. Active listening is essential here because to move on you eed to really understand where the other person is coming from. Determine the most likely interest dispute and determine how you could leverage economic pressure to help resolve that dispute. â€Å"There is no way to overstate the role â€Å"leverage† plays when it comes to achieving favorable settlements. Leverage is defined as: â€Å"positional advantage; the power to act effectively; strategic advantage†. Stated more simply, your leverage is whatever power you have† (Cory, 2011). Leverage is usually more about situational advantage than objective strength or power. For example, a single individual or small business may have few resources relative to a large corporation but still have situational advantage by virtue of being able to compel the larger corporation to appear and answer in a favorable venue. Likewise even when there is a legitimate claim which could result in a significant loss to the defendant, if the plaintiff does not have the resources or the fortitude to stay the course, then the defendant has the situational advantage by virtue of being able to delay and wait the plaintiff out. Leverage can be real or imagined. Your actual leverage at any point in time is based only on the other side’s perception of your leverage (which can obviously differ significantly from the actual facts). There are obviously situations where you have an information advantage, such as when you know about a weakness in your case that is not yet known by the other side. In such a situation you will, perhaps only briefly, appear to have more leverage than you actually do. Likewise, you can be at an information disadvantage such as when you mistakenly think that the other side has a stronger case than they actually do. There are also situations where you mistakenly think that your case is stronger than it actually is which occurs when for one reason or another you don’t have all the facts, or when the facts have not been accurately relayed to you. But regardless of your actual leverage, if there is no fear on the other side, you have little if any effective leverage (Cory, 2011).

The presentation of Mr. Lockwood in Wuthering Heights The novel, Essay

The presentation of Mr. Lockwood in Wuthering Heights The novel, Wuthering Heights, begins in the year 1801. The presentation of Mr. Lockwood in â€Å"Wuthering Heights† ======================================================= The novel, â€Å"Wuthering Heights†, begins in the year 1801, where we as readers are firstly introduced to the character Mr. Lockwood. Mr. Lockwood narrates the entire novel throughout, almost like an entry in his diary. Lockwood, a young London gentleman, is a newcomer to the Yorkshire Moors, Wuthering Heights. The novel opens after he has just returned from a visit with his landlord and neighbour, Mr. Heathcliff about Thrushcross Grange. One of my first impressions of the character after reading the opening chapter of the novel is that he is enthusiastic about renting out Thrushcross Grange, â€Å" Mr. Lockwood, your new tenant, sir- I do myself the honour of calling as soon as possible after my arrival, to express the hope that I have not inconvenienced you by my perseverance in soliciting the occupation of Thrushcross Grange. I heard, yesterday, you had had some thoughts-â€Å" Mr. Healthcliff, wincing, stops him mid sentence, â€Å" Thrushcross Grange is my own sir,† ------------------------------------ Here Mr. Heathcliff cuts him off quite abruptly, a command that most people would understand and would react to, pursuing the questioning no further. However, Mr. Lockwood responds quite differently, showing a weak side to his character early on in the novel. Heathcliff seems to dislike the company of others, he enjoys living in a country place, where quiet and peace is welcomed. Lockwood seems amused that Heathcliff is more extreme and ignorant of social graces; he’s amused that ... ...rds reasons for his behaviour may be quite different from his own. Mr. Lockwood, a somewhat vain and presumptuous gentleman deals very clumsily with the inhabitants of Wuthering Heights. He finds himself at a loss when he witnesses the strange household’s disregard for the social conventions that have always structured his world. As a narrator, his vanity and unfamiliarity with the story occasionally lead him to misunderstand events. His initial visit to Wuthering Heights, in which the mysterious relationships and lurking resentments between the characters create an air of mystery, in particular Lockwood’s ghostly nightmares, during the night he spent in Catherine’s old bed. I think that many of the events that happen in the opening chapters of the novel prefigure many of the events that are to come and show the qualities of the character Mr. Lockwood.

History of Translation in Canada Essay

The study of translation has been the center of attention of several scholars and schools of thought during the last three decades. Some terms related to the field of translation studies belong to a common language that it has been incorporated to the everyday language of translators; such as correctness, similarity, fidelity, original text, adaptation, equivalence, translation strategies, among others. However, most of the time these translations and equivalences express a connection between the source text and its final version; in such a way that conveys the same communicative function in their respective cultures. Cuba has not been exempted from the translation studies; most of the research on translatology can be referenced back to Amparo Hurtado, David Curbelo, Rodolfo Alpizar and Lourdes Arencibia whom have done a profound research on this branch of the linguistics science during the last thirty years. However, in the first stage of the current term paper it was established -in the case of the English Language Department at the Universidad de Oriente- that the history of translation in Cuba was lightly treated. A survey conducted among 10 students of the second year of the English Language Major during the present academic course (2011-2012) showed that they had a limited knowledge on what history of translation is; however, they seemed to find difficult to characterize translation in Cuba given that they do not have any source where to find information about the issue and their input on the topic was insufficient. Consequently, a question arose: how could they know about the History of Translation in Cuba? Hence, the insufficient knowledge regarding the history of translation in Cuba by the English Major Students of the Universidad de Oriente constitutes the scientific problem of this research. The object of this term paper is the translatological work of Jose Marti Perez The research domain is the translation of the book Greek Antiquities carried out by Jose Marti Perez. The objective is to carry out a contrastive analysis of the translation work developed by Jose Marti Perez of the book Greek Antiquities, which would help to illustrate the general characteristics of the translatological work in the XIX century in Cuba, in order to propose an instrument in the 3rd stage of the research that facilitates the searching of information on the History of translation in Cuba by the English Major Students of the Universidad de Oriente. In order to accomplish the objective in this second stage term paper some scientific tasks were taken into consideration on this second stage: †¢ To approach the XIX Century translation in Cuba and Jose Marti’s translatological work. †¢ To conduct an epistemological analysis of translation, methods and techniques †¢ To develop a contrastive analysis of some fragments of the book Greek Antiquities together with the translation undertaken by Jose Marti Research Methods Theoretical Methods: †¢ Analysis-synthesis: this method had been used to collect and analyze outstanding information acquired from the bibliography consulted. †¢ Hermeneutic: this approach was used to interpret and understand the information gathered. †¢ Induction-Deduction: In the analysis of the different bibliographical sources that contributed to the theoretical explanation of this research. ` Empirical Technique: †¢ A survey applied to students of the second year of the English Language Major. The idea to defend is that a contrastive analysis of the translations work carried out by Jose Marti Perez of the book Greek Antiquities with the original work may be useful for ELP students to learn about XIX Century translation in Cuba. This term paper is structured into one chapter, subdivided into three sections. The most important contribution of this research is to provide English Language Major Students with a contrastive analysis of the translations work carried out by Jose Marti Perez of the book Greek Antiquities that they can use as a bibliographical and practice material for the subject Introduction to translation. An approach to translation undertaken in Cuba in the XIX Century. Jose Marti and his translatological work. Translators in XIX century were people who mostly had the opportunity to travel abroad (mainly Europe and the United States), often motivated by separatist aspirations, therefore, by study or experience, they knew several languages and interacted with other cultures. Among the most important figures of this period were Jose Maria Heredia y Heredia (1803-1839), Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda(1814-1873), Antonio and Eusebio Guiteras Font. Even heroes of our independence war like Juan Clemente Zenea and Diego Vicente Tejera made some translation works, but it is undeniable that the most important figure in this period was Jose Marti Perez. Like many men and some women with access to a good education in his time, Marti studied Latin, Greek, French, English and even some Hebrew. Due to his studies, intensive reading and extensive travels; Jose Marti came to acquire a deep knowledge of his mother tongue, virtually in all its variants. His command of English was deepened and strengthened as he lived in the U. S. His travels through Latin America and Europe enriched his knowledge of French and English, in that way he translated the works of Victor Hugo, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Helen Hunt Jackson into Spanish. The translatological work that was carried out in the XIX century will be illustrated through analyzing a sample of a translation developed by Jose Marti. Even when in the XIX century there is no evidence of any translation school in Cuba and those works were made empirically, some epistemological aspects about translation should be taken into account, like correctness and similarity, methods, techniques and strategies, which will help us to evaluate the quality of the translation in this century. Contrastive analysis of some fragments of the book Greek Antiquities and the translation undertaken by Jose Marti. Using the model proposed by Professor MSc. Tania Vivar in her master thesis, a sample of the translatological work of Jose Marti will be analyzed in order to prove that he was able to translate properly and according to the target readers. He translated from English into Castilian to the Newyorker publishing house Appleton and Co. : Greek Antiquities by J. H. Mahaffy (1883) as part of a group of historical-didactic works. Even when Marti never had any academic formation in translation or in history of Greece, his vast culture was a powerful weapon when translating this book. It can be stated that Jose Marti respects the external and also the internal order in his translation of the original text, the number of paragraphs, the order of the chapters and the sequence of the ideas and uses a neutral vocabulary in accordance to the type of text that he is translating. The work is addressed to the Spanish-speaking public so the translation is direct, which facilitates the correct translation of some idioms and helps him to handle properly with cultural issues. The translation is very faithful to the original text and the statements are very clear and concise. To achieve this purpose he used the literal translation in multiple occasions. In order to create a translation as close as possible to the target readers Marti did some necessary additions and omissions which added logical meaning to the Spanish version and made it look as a text written originally in Spanish. Through the use of literal translation it is not always possible to achieve the same tone of the original text; as a solution to this problem Marti used the modulation. Using his enormous culture and his full knowledge of his mother tongue, Marti could change the original text and reformulate many of the ideas using the implicit translation as he did in some other times, but in this specific translation he only makes few adaptations that were necessary to maintain the tone of the original text. In this translation Marti is able to use different methods that go from the literal method (with techniques like the literal translation) to the interpretative-communicative method (modulation and variation). He was not attached to any specific method or technique; this also demonstrates that he could decide the more appropriate one depending on the type of text, the target reader or the complexity of the idea. Conclusions Translation is considered to be the transfer of meaning from one language into another, respecting the author’s intention and taking into consideration the context which will give a particular sense to such meaning. Throughout all of our history translation has played an important role. For those reasons, the authors of this term paper consider that it would be very useful to undertake a research through a three-stage format with the purpose of providing information regarding the history of translation in Cuba. Therefore, a contrastive analysis of the translation work carried out by Jose Marti Perez of the book Greek Antiquities with the original work was developed, which helped illustrating the general characteristics of the translatological work in the XIX century in Cuba. Hence the authors of this term paper believe that an instrument in the third stage of the research will facilitate a thorough search of information on the History of translation in Cuba by the English Major Students of the Universidad de Oriente since it deals with a subject that has barely been dealt with. Recommendations ? It would be advisable to conduct further research on this important topic, due to its relevance to the English Language Major. ? The results of this paper could be implemented in the study material of the subject Introduccion a la traduccion for second year students of the English Language Major.

Urbanisation

Urbanisation in the world today is an ongoing process that has a profound impact on people's living conditions and health status. The globalisation of markets, the desire for higher education, increased use of communication, and new information technologies are the driving forces behind this process. The urbanisation process has marked effects on the natural and cultural environment, on housing arrangements and social networks, as well as on work and employment patterns, not only in the cities, but also in the rural areas.Access to health care, social services, and cultural activities are in many cases better in the cities, but there the access may not be evenly distributed among the population. Problem of urbanization is manifestation of lopsided urbanization, faulty urban planning, urbanization with poor economic base and without having functional categories . Hence India's urbanization is followed by some basic problems in the field of : 1) housing, 2) slums, 3) transport 4) water supply and sanitation, 5) water pollution and air pollution, 6)inadequate provision for social infrastructure ( school, hospital, etc ).Class I cities such as Calcutta , Bombay, Delhi, Madras etc have reached saturation level of employment generating capacity (Kundu,1997). Since these cities are suffering from of urban poverty, unemployment, housing shortage, crisis in urban infra-structural services these large cities can not absorb these distressed rural migrants i. e poor landless illiterate and unskilled agricultural labourers. Hence this migration to urban class I cities causes urban crisis more acute. 2 Most of these cities using capital intensive technologies can not generate employment for these distress rural poor.So there is transfer of rural poverty to urban poverty. Poverty induced migration of illiterate and unskilled labourer occurs in class I cities addressing urban involution and urban decay. 3 Indian urbanization is involuted not evoluted ( Mukherji, 1995). Poverty induced migration occurs due to rural push . Megacities grow in urban population (Nayak,1962) not in urban prosperity, and culture. Hence it is urbanization without urban functional characteristics.These mega cities are subject to extreme filthy slum and very cruel mega city denying shelter, drinking water, electricity,  sanitation ( Kundu,,Bagchi and Kundu, 1999) to the extreme poor and rural migrants. 4 Urbanisation is degenerating social and economic inequalities ( Kundu and Gupta, 1996) which warrants social conflicts, crimes and anti-social activities. Lopsided and uncontrolled urbanization led to environmental degradation and degradation in the quality of urban life—-pollution in sound, air, water, created by disposal of hazardous waste. Illiterate, low- skill or no-skill migrants from rural areas are absorbed in poor low grade urban informal sector at a very low wage rate and urban informal sector becomes in-efficient and unproductive.

How Confucianism as the Asian American Heritage Has Been Maintained in Asian American Families

How Confucianism as the Asian American Heritage Has Been Maintained in Asian American Families Introduction Asian Americans exhibit a strong cultural diversity that prevents scholars from characterizing their families using a single set of cultural values; however, they also share strong cultural similarities such as the Confucian philosophy towards life and family.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on How Confucianism as the Asian American Heritage Has Been Maintained in Asian American Families specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Scholars claim that this philosophy is a product of the early political and cultural influence of China in the historical development of other East Asian nations including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The culture of these nations is highly influenced by the doctrines of Confucianism, which advocate for the respect for authority, loyalty to parents, emotional moderation, and the vital role of education. The Confucian philosophy uses the concepts of training (chiao shum) and control a nd love (guan) in the Chinese parenting practices, such that they are deeply involved in the lives of their children. Such involvement in the learning process of their children has faced many challenges in the Asian American family, following their immigration. In addition, some Chinese practices such as physical discipline are not condoned in the United States.1 This paper seeks to explore how Asian American families have succeeded in maintaining the Confucianism philosophy by identifying the existing Chinese cultural practices among the descendants of their immigrants, and Chinese mannerisms that point to the Confucianism doctrine. The paper also examines Confucianism in other Asian Americans including Koreans and Vietnamese. Research questions How do immigration history of Asian Americans and experiences of living in America affect the ability of these families to maintain Confucianism? How do the Asian American families’ attitudes, values and beliefs concerning education and socioeconomic status impact on Confucianism? Research objectives To find out the relation between immigration trends of Asians into America and their settlement experiences, and the ability of Asian American families to maintain their cultural practices, with focus on Confucianism. To find out the relation between legacies of Confucianism and the socioeconomic status of Asian American families with regard to educational attainment. Demography of Asian Americans Some of the countries of origin of Asian Americans include China, Japan, Korea, Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India, among others.2 Each of these nations has its own cultural heritages, languages, political systems, religious practices, and economic conditions, which is reflected in the diverse ethnic differences among Asian Americans. Confucianism has its origin in the Chinese society, where it served as one of the greatest humanistic cultures involving virtue teachings and rules o f social reform.Advertising Looking for proposal on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These teachings then spread from China to other East Asia countries such as Singapore, Korea, Japan and Vietnam.3 This study will focus on the Chinese immigrants to America, and their current practices that ensure that Confucianism impacts both their lives and those of their children. Background of Confucianism Confucianism is the Western term used to refer to a moral cultivation practice known to Eastern Asians, including Chinese, Koreans, Japanese, and Vietnamese, as the â€Å"Scholarly Tradition†. The neologism â€Å"Confucianism† was devised in the 19th century after a great Chinese sage known as Confucius, who introduced the concept of adhering to inherited rites diligently in order to fully awaken one’s humanity and in doing so, grasp the way of heaven. It was Confucius who came up with the notion tha t the perfection of that process was only possible after a â€Å"life-long dedication to meticulous study and self-cultivation†. This was achieved by comprehension of the philosophical moral effects of daily relationships based on the interaction of an individual to both internal and external resources. The former was attained through self-cultivation, which involved the purification of one’s mind and heart in order to make the will sincere. By achieving this state, an individual was believed to be capable of uniting one’s family and moderating the society, which was necessary to renew the human race. Conversely, helping one’s family, society, and the world to achieve total serenity would in turn, allow the individual’s virtue to rest in ideal integrity. As such, Confucianism involves individual accomplishment through daily interactions as opposed to through the power of an inspirational deity, which makes it less of a religion and more of a system of humanistic ethics.4 These religious implications were passed on through a set of teachings that were believed to have been written by Confucius. These texts included the Analects, Book of Mencius, Great Learning, and Doctrine of the Mean, and they were instrumental, for centuries, in shaping the religious, philosophical, and political discourse of China, as well as other East Asia nations including Korea and Japan.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on How Confucianism as the Asian American Heritage Has Been Maintained in Asian American Families specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the dominance of the Neo-Confucian in East Asia began to decrease in the nineteenth century, as the technological and military superiority of European powers began to rise steadily.5 This led to a call by the Japanese and Koreans leadership for replacement of the Confucian educational system with a more empirical and practical based education system. This exercise was also evident in China, with its culmination in the abolishing of the traditional examination system and a call for renunciation of any loyalty to Confucian doctrines.6 Confucianism in Asian American families A majority of East Asian immigrants to America journeyed in the late 19th and 20th centuries, following the change in perception of the Confucian education system. Most of these immigrants were of the view that the Confucian system was not ideal for a modern life. As such, they worked as laborers in the new land, due to their minimal literary and political education. Their disapproval of the Confucian doctrines led them to adjust their non-working hours to the worship of Buddha or Taoist images. The descendants of these immigrants had less exposure to the doctrines since they could not read Chinese. In addition, these descendants were of the opinion that the Confucian values were inapplicable in the American way of living.7 However, not all A sian Americans shared this opinion of the traditional education system. For instance, the â€Å"members of the Confucius Center in Chicago and the Confucius Church in Stockton California† use various Scholarly values and symbols as reminders of their cultural heritage. Such associations commemorate various Chinese holidays and sponsor classes that can inform young people about classical Chinese by studying the four books mentioned earlier. The members of these associations also own cemeteries for organizing biannual outings that allow people to visit the graves of their recent ancestors; a Confucian tradition that symbolizes the expression of gratitude and adoration for the cumulative efforts that have made one’s life triumphs achievable.Advertising Looking for proposal on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Various activities such as taking care of the grave site, presenting offerings, and showing respect and humility to the grave memorial are just some of the obligations of those who uphold the Confucian tradition as a way to compensate one’s ancestors for the gift of an enlightened life. The ability of Asian Americans to uphold such practices in a foreign land serves both a representative and an assuring purpose in that the East Asian culture heredity excels across both time and boundaries.8 The Chinese Americans who still follow the Confucianism philosophy exert numerous guidelines and requirements on their children. For instance, the children are supposed to take care of various family duties including cleaning, cooking, and taking care of small children. The Chinese parents do not control their children; on the contrary, they teach their children on how to live in unity with others. Such a practice is achieved by teaching the children to avoid emotional expression, which av oids shaming an individual, and thereby, preserving good health and positive relationships.9 Methodology This study will use a combination of qualitative research methods, in addition to the literature review on the Chinese Americans applications of the Confucianism philosophy. The research will be conducted in a sample population gathered from higher education institutions. The qualitative research methods that are applicable in this study are in-depth interviews and focus groups. The former will be useful in identifying the personal histories of the Chinese Americans, and their experiences in America, as well as how this transformation has influenced the application of the Confucianism philosophy. Focus groups, on the other hand, will be useful in comparing the opinions of the Chinese Americans with regard to their family practices and Confucianism. Conclusion There is minimal literature on the maintenance of Confucian values in Asian American families; hence, the analysis of lite rature in combination with qualitative research methods. As discussed earlier, appropriate sources of information on this topic can be attained by visiting the existing Confucius centers and churches within the U.S. More information can be gathered from Chinese American students in higher learning institutions. The study of people can reveal various Confucian values, without the individuals having necessarily gone through the Confucian education system. Some of these values include high value for education, unselfish behavior, and value on the extended family.10 As such, interviews and direct interaction with Chinese Americans can help to reveal the existence of informal familial education to inculcate Confucian virtues, for individuals with minimal information regarding the Neo-Confucian curriculum. Bibliography Adler, Susan Matoba. International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family: Asian-American Families. New York: Gale, Cengage Learning, 2006, pp. 74-78. The author explores vari ous family structures in traditional Asian-American families and the gender roles. He goes a step further to examine various religious and cultural values that apply to Asian immigrants, with focus on Korean Americans. Anheier, Helmut K. Encyclopedia of Global Studies: Confucianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2012, pp. 266-269. The author explores the doctrine of Ne0-Confucianism in the 20th and 21st centuries, and the popular support that it obtained, as well as various anti-Confucian movements. Anqi, X., X. Xiaolin, L. Wenli, X. Yah, and L. Dalin. Chinese Family Strengths and Resiliency. Marriage Family Review, 2007: 41(2), 143-164. The authors provide an insight on familial education and the passage of the Confucianism philosophy from one generation to the next. Berthrong, John. Contemporary American Religion: Confucianism. New York: Gale, Cengage Learning, 2006, pp. 146-148. The author explains the Confucianism philosophy including its history and teachings. In addit ion, the author explores what it takes for the doctrine to flourish outside East Asia by examining Asians in Diaspora (Europe and North America). Gall, Timothy L., and Jeneen Hobby. Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life: Korean Americans. Detroit: Gale, Cengage Learning, 2009, pp. 335-338. The authors explore the current trend of Confucianism in East Asia, with focus on South Koreans in Asia, as well as Korean Americans. Huang, Grace Hui-Chen, and Mary Gove. Confucianism and Chinese Families: Values and Practices in Education. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012: 2(3), 10-13. The authors explore the origins of the Confucianism doctrine, and the significance of these teachings in the Chinese culture Hwang, K. K. Dao and the transformative power of Confucianism: A theory of East Asian modernization. Singapore: The Institute of East Asian Philosophies, 1993. This book provides an insight on the effects of modernization on Confucianism in the East As ian countries. Nai-Hua, Ko. Familism in Confucianism. Taiwan: Shu-Te University, 2004. The book explores the education of virtues and ethics through the use of families following the disapproval of Confucianism teachings in the education system of East Asian countries. Park, M., and C. Chesla. Revisiting Confucianism as a conceptual framework for Asian family study. Journal of Family Nursing, 2007: 13(3), 293-311. The authors provide an analysis of the impact of Confucianism as a religion in ensuring virtuous and ethical growth of Asian children in America Xie, Yu, and Kimberly Goyette. Asian Americans: A Demographic Portrait. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 2005. The authors explore data relating to the immigration trend of various East Asian individuals and their experiences in America. Footnotes 1 Grace Hui-Chen, Huang and Mary Gove. Confucianism and Chinese Families: Values and Practices in Education. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012: 2(3), 10 2 Yu , Xie and Kimberly Goyette. Asian Americans: A Demographic Portrait. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 2005. 3 Helmut K. Anheier. Encyclopedia of Global Studies: Confucianism. (Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2012), pp. 266. 4 Nai-Hua Ko. Familism in Confucianism. Taiwan: Shu-Te University, 2004. 5 Berthrong, John. Contemporary American Religion: Confucianism. (New York: Gale, Cengage Learning, 2006), pp. 146. 6 Gall, Timothy L., and Jeneen Hobby. Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life: Korean Americans. (Detroit: Gale, Cengage Learning), 2009, pp. 335. 7 Anqi, X. Xiaolin, L. Wenli, X. Yah, and L. Dalin. Chinese Family Strengths and Resiliency. Marriage Family Review, 2007: 41(2), 144. 8 Hwang, K. K. Dao and the transformative power of Confucianism: A theory of East Asian modernization. Singapore: The Institute of East Asian Philosophies, 1993. 9 Park, M., and C. Chesla. Revisiting Confucianism as a conceptual framework for Asian family study. Journal of Family Nu rsing, 2007: 13(3), 293-311. 10 Susan Matoba Adler. International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family: Asian-American Families. (New York: Gale, Cengage Learning, 2006), pp. 75.

Based in and based out of

Based in and based out of Based in and based out of Based in and based out of By Maeve Maddox M. Arun writes: Is it correct to say I work out of New York- to mean that ones workplace is in New York. Or to say I am based out of New York to mean you live in New York? It sounds a wrong to me! The use of out of described here may be a regional thing. It is not standard English. Ordinarily, the expression to work out of a place is used this way: Mr. Patel works out of his house. Mr. Patel has a home office where he runs his business or fulfills the obligations of a job (telecommuting). George works out of New York. George lives in New York, or his companys office is in New York, but his work takes him to various places. As for based, a person or a business can be based in New York. To say that one is based out of New York seems to mean that the person or business is located somewhere other than in New York. It seems a curious choice for someone to say Im based out of New York to mean merely I live in New York. I suppose that the use of based in this context could represent an effort to distance oneself from the place lived in: Im based in New York for now, but my real home is in Alabama. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†10 Types of TransitionsHyphenation in Compound Nouns

Hewlett Packard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Hewlett Packard - Essay Example The researcher states that as per SWOT analysis of HP, the company’s internal analysis is based on its strengths and weaknesses. Strengths Products and solutions of HP are competitive and provide a cost advantage. During the recession of 2009, efforts focused on reducing cost base and making it variable got succeeded in giving it the competitive advantage. It was the result of following proper processes that it could control spending and maintain the organization stability by integrating the services businesses attained from Electronic Data Systems Corporation (EDS). It has been successful in maintaining the strength of its products, services, and brand HP. The workforce of HP stands high in technical expertise providing a solid base by adding stability to its functions. Restructuring of the workforce in services and product businesses in the fiscal year 2008 and 2009 has added value by controlling total costs and expenses. HP is competitively positioned to benefit from the business trends to align its printing businesses from analog to digital printing, producing innovative products like the web-enabled home printer, w eb and mobile printing, graphics and retail photo printing in annuity businesses, and in the managed print services business. HP is well positioned to integrate storage, networking, servers, and management software. Further, its IT management software development would fulfill virtualization management besides automating processes